Supplementary Methods

1. Literature search strategy. We used these terms to search the Web of Science for potentially relevant publications on September 16, 2022.

2. Validation Set. We used this list of 62 relevant publications obtained through expert suggestions and a prior systematic review to validate the search strategy.

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Supplementary results

1. List of included publications. This is a full list of 457 publications that were identified as relevant and used to extract data for the meta-analyses.

2. Meta-analysis of prospective family high-risk studies.

Supplementary Table 2b: Meta-analytic estimates of the risk ratios (RR) of DSM/ICD mental disorders among offspring of affected parents, compared to offspring of unaffected parents, based on prospective studies. RR show how many times is the risk of each mental disorder increased in offspring of parents with each diagnosis relative to offspring of unaffected parents. Each RR estimate is followed by its meta-analytic 95% confidence interval. Meta-analytic estimates based on 3 or more independent studies are printed in black. Low-confidence estimates based on fewer than 3 studies are printed in grey. Empty cells indicate lack of relevant data. k is the number of unique studies and n is the number of individuals contributing data towards the estimate. The diagonal (grey-shaded) cells show RR for the same disorder that is present in the parent. The off-diagonal cells show RR for transdiagnostic relationships with offspring disorders other than that diagnosed in the parent.

Supplementary Table 3b: Meta-analytic estimates of the absolute lifetime risk of DSM/ICD mental disorders among offspring by parent diagnosis, based on prospective studies. Risk of mental disorder is shown as percentage of offspring followed, grouped by parent diagnosis. The first column shows the lifetime risks of disorders in offspring of parents without a mental disorder. The diagonal (grey-shaded) cells show the lifetime risks of the same disorder that is present in the parent. The off-diagonal cells show lifetime risks of disorders other than that diagnosed in the parent. In each cell, the percentage absolute risk estimate is followed by its 95% confidence interval. Meta-analytic estimates based on 3 or more independent studies are printed in black. Low-confidence estimates based on fewer than 3 studies are printed in grey. Empty cells indicate lack of relevant data. k is the number of unique studies and n is the number of individuals contributing data towards the estimate.